2,000 Families: identifying the research potential of an origins-of-migration study is an article published in the Journal of Ethnic and Racial Studies. It outlines the theoretical and methodological discussions in the field, design and data of the 2,000 Families study and provides indicative findings, framed within a theoretical perspective of “dissimilation” from origins, and reflect on its potential for future migration research.
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Electoral participation and intergenerational transmission among Turkish migrants in Western Europe is research which investigates the links between the voting habits of Turkish families who have migrated to Europe compared with their non migrant counterparts.
The study makes use of data from the 2000 Families project to examine whether immigration affects the extent to which children of migrants are more likely to vote if their parents vote (and vice versa).
The research by 2000 Families co-researcher Niels Spierings, shows a stronger similarity in going to the voting booth between parent and child pairs in Europe than Turkey, but only if the child grew up in Europe. European citizens with a Turkish background who vote in national elections in Europe thus seem to mobilize other household members.
Impacts of migration on marriage arrangement is research looking at parents’ influence on the marriage choices of their children among a group of Turkish migrants and their non migrant counterparts in Turkey.
The research makes use of 2000 Families data and indicates a strong decline of arranged marriages over the past four decades with arranged marriages less frequent among migrants in Western Europe than among stayers in Turkey.
The study by 2000 Families co-researcher Helen Baykara-Krumme shows the difference between migrants and non migrants is largest among second generation children.
Consanguineous Marriage in Turkish Families in Turkey and in Western Europe is research looking at the prevalence and development of marriages between family relations (second cousin or closer) among Turkish migrants and non migrants.
2000 Families co-researcher Helen Baykara-Krumme used the data to look at so-called ‘kin marriage’ across the three generations of the study’s participants.
The research showed a decline in ‘kin marriage’ among both migrants and non migrants across generations and time, although there was a higher prevalence of it among migrants.
Three-generation Marriage Patterns: New Insights from the ‘Dissimilation’ Perspective is research mapping the prevalence of arranged marriages versus couple-initiated marriages among Turkish migrant families in Europe and stayer families in Turkey.
Making use of the 2000 Families data, project co-researcher Helen Baykara-Krumme focuses on the changes across marriage cohorts and 3 generations.
Findings from the research suggest a high similarity between migrants and stayers in terms of a strong decline of arranged marriage over time, from well over 80% to about a third of all marriages, with the percentage of arranged marriages lower among migrants.
Gender Equality Attitudes among Turks in Western Europe and Turkey: The Interrelated Impact of Migration and Parents’ Attitudes is research using the 2000 Families data to examine changes across generations and over time of the study’s participants’ attitudes toward gender equality.
Project co-researcher Niels Spierings compares the attitudes of Turks who migrated with those who did not and finds that more traditional Turks who migrated and then returned have children with more traditional attitudes than their counterparts who did not.
The research shows that among families who settle in Europe, migration seems to speed up the assimilation process of becoming more supportive of gender equality. Young people who grew up in Europe are hardly influenced by the attitudes of their parents, whereas the ones growing up in Turkey are.
By focussing on the origin country and return-migrants, the study also novelly showed that the children (who have always lived in Turkey) of return-migrants from Europe hold considerably more traditional gender attitudes than the children whose (grand)parents did not migrate or stayed in Europe.
Transnationalism and intergenerational change : Cross-border ties to “origin country” Turkey in the third generation is research looking at how long-lasting the ties are between migrants and their origin country.
Published in the German journal, Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung, the study by Helen Baykara-Krumme uses the 2000 Families data to examine the development of transnational ties from the migrant grandfather who left Turkey and moved to Western Europe to the grandchildren, who are at home in Western Europe. It goes on to analyse the main mechanisms operating in the third generation.
Findings show that transnational activities and ties decrease over generations, but the development is not the same for all aspects. Grandchildren continue to be transnationally involved regardless of their structural and social integration in the residence country. Parents turn out to be important role models in the larger transnational social space as they transmit transnational ties to their children.
Returning, staying, or both? Mobility patterns among elderly Turkish migrants after retirement is research looking at when and why long-term migrants stay or leave their destination country.
The article, by 2000 Families researcher Helen Baykara-Krumme uses the data to look at the movements of the study’s participants when they retire; whether they stay in their destination country, permanently move back to their country of origin or go back and forth.
The study finds that transnational migration is common among participants aged 65 or over. Key factors in a permanent return to Turkey are owning property there and religiosity.
Transmigrants and stayers in Europe have intense transnational ties with a strong attachment to their country of origin.
Intergenerational relationships in old age: Turkish families in Turkey and in Western Europe is research which explores the consequences of international migration on family relationships of elderly migrants.
Published in German and freely available in the Social Science Open Access Repository, the research compares intergenerational relationships among migrants from Turkey who live in Europe with those among non-migrants who never went abroad and a third group, transnational families.
2000 Families researcher Helen Baykara-Krumme’s article indicates more intense intergenerational relationships in migrant families as compared to families in Turkey, but lower agreement with norms on intergenerational solidarity among the former.